Evaluating the Constitutionality of Vehicle Tint Regulation in Nigeria in Light of the Right to Privacy
By Edidiong James, LL.B (Hons.)
Introduction:
The right to privacy remains one of the most crucial yet consistently undervalued rights in Nigeria. Both the government and the citizenry in various occasions have, over time, failed to give this right the recognition it inherently deserves. This fundamental liberty is repeatedly confronted across various facets of human life and interaction. Presently, it finds itself at the heart of a contentious debate regarding the vehicle tint permit regulations imposed by the Nigerian Police Force regulations that have generated significant legal, constitutional, and philosophical concerns.
This paper seeks to critically examine the constitutionality of such tint regulations through the lens of privacy, human dignity, and the limits of state power in a democratic society.
Understanding the Right to Privacy:
Privacy, in the context of this discussion, is the right of an individual to be free from unjustified, unsolicited, and unauthorized surveillance, observation, or interference. It encompasses the ability to seclude one’s person, space, information, and possessions from public scrutiny or government overreach . It guarantees individuals a sphere of personal autonomy where they can act, think, and exist without unnecessary intrusion.
The High Court of Lagos State, in a landmark decision, defined privacy as “the presumption that individuals should have an area of autonomous development, interaction and liberty, a private sphere with or without interaction with others, free from arbitrary state intervention by other uninvited individuals.”
Building upon this, legal scholar Olomojobi asserts that privacy is a shield for individual affairs from the prying eyes of the public, and by extension, the state. It is not a luxury; it is a necessity for dignity, autonomy, and the exercise of other fundamental rights
Section 37 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended) expressly provides that:
“The privacy of citizens, their homes, correspondence, telephone conversations and telegraphic communications is hereby guaranteed and protected.”
This right was not just created by international treaties, nor did it originate from Acts of parliament. Rather, it is an inherent, pre-existing right, one that the Constitution does not just merely recognizes and affirms.
The Divine and Natural Foundations of Privacy:
In my considered opinion, this right is divine. It is one of the earliest rights exercised by humankind, as illustrated in the biblical account of Adam and Eve.
According to the Christian Holy Bible, Adam and Eve, upon realizing their nudity, instinctively sought to hide themselves and covered their bodies with leaves, a profound expression of the innate human need for privacy. The scripture goes further to reveal that God, recognizing and respecting their need for covering, made garments of animal skin for them. This singular act can be interpreted as a divine endorsement of the inalienable right to privacy, what may be termed the “right of covering.”
Humanity’s enduring desire to protect its privacy has since evolved into physical innovations. From building houses with opaque walls, doors, and roofs, to manufacturing cars with body structures and tinted windows each innovation reflects a pursuit of this fundamental right. Yet, ironically, in modern Nigeria, a citizen must now seek government permission in the form of a “tint permit” to exercise this basic right of covering.
Privacy, Human Dignity, and Liberty:
Privacy is an indispensable element of human dignity and personal liberty. It protects individuals’ decisions regarding family life, religion, movement, security, and even health.
The U.S. Supreme Court decision in Pierce v. Society of Sisters reinforces this point. The Court invalidated a law that compelled children to attend public schools, affirming that “the child is not the mere creature of the state” and that parents have a fundamental right to make decisions regarding their child’s education. This is a powerful reminder that the government does not own the citizen and cannot dictate every facet of private life.
Similarly, in the Nigerian case of Medical and Dental Practitioners Disciplinary Tribunal v. Okonkwo , the Supreme Court of Nigeria emphasized the right of individuals to personal autonomy and privacy, especially regarding medical decisions. The Court held that “the right to privacy and dignity of the human person precludes unwarranted intrusion into one’s body or life.” This principle should be applied with equal force to matters of vehicular privacy.
Conclusively, the imposition of vehicle tint permit regulations in Nigeria is not only unconstitutional it is unjust, intrusive, and undignified. It undermines the very essence of the right to privacy, transforming what is supposed to be an inalienable liberty into a privilege that must be purchased or approved by the state.
This form of regulation reflects a broader tendency of state institutions in Nigeria to prioritize control over constitutionalism. It criminalizes privacy and treats ordinary citizens as suspects until proven innocent an approach that contradicts both the rule of law and democratic values.
The Nigerian state must urgently revisit these policies and enact clear, rights-respecting legislation that balances national security with civil liberties. Until then, the tint permit regulation stands as a violation of Section 37 of the Constitution and must be challenged, resisted, and ultimately struck down.
To cover oneself should not require permission. Privacy is not a concession from the state it is a right from birth, and indeed, from creation.
****************************************************************************************
This work is published under the free legal awareness project of Sabi Law Foundation (www.SabiLaw.org) funded by the law firm of Bezaleel Chambers International (www.BezaleelChambers.com). The writer was not paid or charged any publishing fee. You too can support the legal awareness projects and programs of Sabi Law Foundation by donating to us. Donate here and get our unique appreciation certificate or memento.
DISCLAIMER:
This publication is not a piece of legal advice. The opinion expressed in this publication is that of the author(s) and not necessarily the opinion of our organisation, staff and partners.
PROJECTS:
🛒 Take short courses, get samples/precedents and learn your rights at www.SabiLaw.org
🎯 Publish your legal articles for FREE by sending to: eve@sabilaw.org
🎁 Receive our free Daily Law Tips & other publications via our website and social media accounts or join our free whatsapp group: Daily Law Tips Group 6
KEEP IN TOUCH:
Get updates on all the free legal awareness projects of Sabi Law (#SabiLaw) and its partners, via:
YouTube: SabiLaw
Twitter: @Sabi_Law
Facebook page: SabiLaw
Instagram: @SabiLaw.org_
WhatsApp Group: Free Daily Law Tips Group 6
Telegram Group: Free Daily Law Tips Group
Facebook group: SabiLaw
Email: lisa@sabilaw.org
Website: www.SabiLaw.org
ABOUT US & OUR PARTNERS:
This publication is the initiative of the Sabi Law Foundation (www.SabiLaw.org) funded by the law firm of Bezaleel Chambers International (www.BezaleelChambers.com). Sabi Law Foundation is a Not-For-Profit and Non-Governmental Legal Awareness Organization based in Nigeria. It is the first of its kind and has been promoting free legal awareness since 2010.
DONATION & SPONSORSHIP:
As a registered not-for-profit and non-governmental organisation, Sabi Law Foundation relies on donations and sponsorships to promote free legal awareness across Nigeria and the world. With a vast followership across the globe, your donations will assist us to increase legal awareness, improve access to justice, reduce common legal disputes and crimes in Nigeria. Make your donations to us here or contact us for sponsorship and partnership, via: lisa@SabiLaw.org or +234 903 913 1200.
**********************************************************************************