Evidence Act, 2011
Click to download the Evidence Act 2011
The Evidence Act, 2011 is Nigeria’s principal legislation governing the admissibility, relevance, production, and evaluation of evidence in judicial proceedings. The Act was enacted as Act No. 18 of 2011 and came into force on 3 June 2011. It repealed the former Evidence Act, Cap. E14, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004, and introduced a modern evidentiary framework applicable to all judicial proceedings before courts in Nigeria. The Act contains 259 sections arranged into 16 Parts.
Click to download the Evidence Act 2011
The principal objectives of the Act are to ensure that only relevant and reliable evidence is admitted in judicial proceedings, establish uniform rules governing documentary, oral, electronic and real evidence, regulate the burden and standard of proof in civil and criminal matters, protect privileged communications, and promote fairness and efficiency in the administration of justice. The Act also recognises electronic evidence and computer-generated documents, reflecting contemporary developments in information technology and modern litigation.
Click to download the Evidence Act 2011
The Evidence Act provides comprehensive rules on relevancy, admissibility, hearsay, confessions, documentary and electronic evidence, expert opinion, presumptions, estoppel, witness competency, examination of witnesses, and proof of facts. It empowers courts to evaluate evidence according to established legal principles while safeguarding the integrity of judicial proceedings. As the foundational legislation governing the law of evidence in Nigeria, the Act plays a central role in ensuring fair trials, protecting litigants’ rights, and enhancing the effective administration of justice.
Click to download the Evidence Act 2011
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